1950-2026 NOAA storm records

U.S. Storm Risk Index: Where Roofs Take the Most Damage

We analyzed 75 years of NOAA Storm Events data — every recorded hail, wind, tornado, and hurricane event relevant to roof damage — across 110 U.S. metro areas. Each metro gets a recency-weighted risk score from 0 to 100. Here's where roofs face the toughest weather in America.

The Ranking

All 110 Metros, Ranked by Roof Storm Risk

Score combines hail frequency and size, damaging wind, tornado history, and property damage, weighted toward the last decade (half-life ~4 years). Click any metro for its full storm profile and local contractor listings.

#MetroRisk ScoreLevel Events (1950–) Hail/yr Tornadoes Damage Peak Season
1 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX
100
Very High 14,019 217.8 765 $11.5B March–June
2 Denver, CO
100
Very High 6,074 90.5 403 $7.3B May–July
3 Houston, TX
100
Very High 5,098 27.1 725 $58.7B March–May
4 Chicago, IL
95
Very High 7,002 45.8 309 $2.2B May–August
5 Fort Worth, TX
94
Very High 7,810 133.4 416 $3.6B March–June
6 Nashville, TN
94
Very High 5,000 29.1 219 $3.7B March–July
7 Baton Rouge, LA
94
Very High 1,478 9.4 122 $7.0B April–June
8 Austin, TX
90
Very High 3,443 55.2 234 $2.6B April–May
9 Miami, FL
90
Very High 3,433 15.2 506 $12.3B May–October
10 Oklahoma City, OK
89
Very High 8,859 122.6 623 $4.6B April–June
11 Orlando, FL
89
Very High 1,797 14.1 211 $3.4B April–September
12 Detroit, MI
88
Very High 4,629 13.8 157 $3.1B June–August
13 McAllen, TX
88
Very High 1,638 16.2 123 $2.3B April–June
14 San Antonio, TX
85
Very High 4,340 46.7 161 $2.1B March–May
15 Lafayette, LA
85
Very High 1,607 8.1 252 $4.7B April–May
16 Daytona Beach, FL
85
Very High 1,305 8.3 134 $3.2B April–September
17 Tulsa, OK
84
Very High 5,461 52.2 319 $1.3B April–June
18 Colorado Springs, CO
84
Very High 3,647 65.4 111 $1.6B June–August
19 Omaha, NE
84
Very High 2,296 26.7 69 $1.4B April–July
20 Memphis, TN
84
Very High 2,074 12.6 106 $2.5B March–July
21 Philadelphia, PA
83
Very High 6,014 16.3 94 $830.4M June–August
22 Milwaukee, WI
83
Very High 3,038 29.1 94 $765.6M May–June
23 Lubbock, TX
83
Very High 2,602 18.4 205 $1.4B May–June
24 Wichita, KS
82
Very High 5,592 41.5 231 $1.8B May–July
25 Springfield, MO
82
Very High 4,957 41.9 187 $579.4M March–June
26 Little Rock, AR
82
Very High 4,616 26.1 311 $1.3B April–June
27 Huntsville, AL
82
Very High 4,214 24 234 $1.6B March–June
28 Birmingham, AL
82
Very High 4,194 13.5 326 $2.5B March–August
29 Greenville, SC
82
Very High 4,164 17.7 146 $331.2M May–August
30 Jacksonville, FL
82
Very High 3,323 13 209 $2.1B April–September
31 Dayton, OH
82
Very High 2,608 11.7 119 $1.0B April–July
32 St. Louis, MO
82
Very High 1,596 17.7 60 $1.6B March–May
33 Pittsburgh, PA
81
Very High 6,796 40.8 141 $884.0M April–August
34 Columbia, SC
81
Very High 3,932 16.6 157 $263.9M May–July
35 Shreveport, LA
81
Very High 3,880 22.9 259 $778.1M April–June
36 Des Moines, IA
81
Very High 3,859 35.6 188 $369.4M May–July
37 Minneapolis, MN
81
Very High 3,820 47.4 140 $2.1B May–August
38 Raleigh, NC
81
Very High 3,518 12.7 94 $755.0M May–September
39 Indianapolis, IN
81
Very High 3,444 16.9 168 $443.0M March–August
40 Madison, WI
81
Very High 2,594 29.8 149 $851.4M April–July
41 Lincoln, NE
81
Very High 2,353 21.9 146 $378.1M May–July
42 Kansas City, MO
80
Very High 4,509 32.8 150 $295.6M May–July
43 Charleston, SC
80
Very High 3,935 16.1 132 $79.7M April–August
44 Jackson, MS
80
Very High 3,797 11.2 324 $2.1B March–June
45 Cincinnati, OH
80
Very High 3,332 14.4 113 $516.7M April–July
46 Charlotte, NC
80
Very High 3,248 10 110 $281.1M May–August
47 Columbus, OH
80
Very High 2,908 20.1 122 $655.8M March–July
48 Kansas City, KS
80
Very High 2,874 25.3 92 $114.6M March–July
49 New Orleans, LA
80
Very High 2,270 4.6 177 $44.9B April–July
50 Cleveland, OH
79
Very High 3,418 10.4 98 $972.9M June–August
51 Greensboro, NC
76
Very High 2,930 8.8 56 $3.2B May–August
52 Atlanta, GA
75
Very High 3,333 8.1 107 $1.3B June–August
53 Baltimore, MD
73
Very High 4,551 9.4 103 $628.9M June–August
54 Louisville, KY
73
Very High 2,341 9.3 82 $446.7M February–July
55 Corpus Christi, TX
73
Very High 1,464 2.6 182 $4.0B May–September
56 Phoenix, AZ
72
Very High 2,631 11.2 73 $3.4B July–September
57 Tampa, FL
71
Very High 3,566 3.9 564 $2.8B April–August
58 Tallahassee, FL
71
Very High 2,135 4 105 $1.3B April–June
59 Mobile, AL
70
Very High 2,206 6.6 251 $4.3B April–June
60 Myrtle Beach, SC
70
Very High 1,546 5.9 85 $337.8M April–August
61 Wilmington, NC
69
High 1,793 4.8 129 $2.0B August–September
62 Akron, OH
68
High 2,165 6.4 69 $956.1M May–August
63 Albuquerque, NM
68
High 867 12.4 36 $53.3M May–September
64 Knoxville, TN
67
High 2,808 9.8 36 $93.7M January–July
65 Canton, OH
67
High 1,919 7.8 45 $289.9M April–August
66 Fort Myers, FL
67
High 1,401 2.8 272 $20.1B June–October
67 West Palm Beach, FL
66
High 1,023 5.9 203 $11.5B April–October
68 Boston, MA
64
High 6,093 6.9 59 $393.4M June–October
69 Lexington, KY
63
High 2,010 4.9 72 $227.1M April–July
70 Savannah, GA
62
High 2,017 7.6 55 $57.0M April–August
71 Chattanooga, TN
62
High 1,791 5.7 74 $251.5M March–July
72 Gulfport, MS
62
High 960 4.1 164 $13.9B April–July
73 Augusta, GA
62
High 855 4.9 18 $1.5B June–July
74 Grand Rapids, MI
61
High 1,899 3 125 $387.2M May–August
75 Tucson, AZ
61
High 1,758 4.8 31 $260.7M July–August
76 Buffalo, NY
61
High 1,714 5.3 35 $123.4M January–August
77 Pensacola, FL
61
High 1,373 2.5 180 $6.0B January–June
78 Port St. Lucie, FL
60
High 503 3.7 108 $4.7B April–October
79 Sacramento, CA
59
High 1,081 1.8 30 $18.9B January–December
80 Fort Lauderdale, FL
58
High 1,177 5 151 $433.1M May–October
81 Richmond, VA
57
High 1,677 10.4 44 $54.5M May–August
82 Sarasota, FL
57
High 925 0.6 177 $3.3B June–October
83 Macon, GA
56
High 1,436 2.1 83 $98.0M April–August
84 Allentown, PA
55
High 1,845 6.7 28 $230.9M June–August
85 Harrisburg, PA
53
High 2,192 4.2 61 $194.3M May–August
86 Toledo, OH
52
High 1,617 4.8 53 $322.5M June–August
87 Biloxi, MS
51
High 589 3 89 $8.9B April–July
88 New York, NY
50
High 3,681 4.4 32 $599.2M January–September
89 Riverside, CA
50
High 3,425 2.9 60 $2.0B January–September
90 Winston-Salem, NC
50
High 2,154 5.5 48 $172.0M May–August
91 Hartford, CT
48
Moderate 1,962 5.9 41 $377.7M June–August
92 Naples, FL
47
Moderate 436 1.4 74 $3.6B May–September
93 Salt Lake City, UT
46
Moderate 2,925 4.7 43 $380.5M May–August
94 Providence, RI
46
Moderate 1,566 1.6 17 $90.4M January–July
95 Spokane, WA
43
Moderate 761 1.2 22 $234.4M January–December
96 Newark, NJ
42
Moderate 3,269 5.1 30 $177.8M July–August
97 Lakeland, FL
42
Moderate 908 2.1 168 $1.3B April–August
98 Las Vegas, NV
38
Moderate 1,092 2.4 12 $285.8M July–September
99 El Paso, TX
38
Moderate 697 4.4 17 $689.5M June–August
100 Washington, DC
36
Moderate 764 1.4 5 $187.0M July–September
101 Los Angeles, CA
34
Moderate 952 1.1 50 $102.6M January–March
102 Fresno, CA
33
Moderate 947 0.6 43 $52.5M January–December
103 San Francisco, CA
28
Low 1,292 6.3 13 $339.5M January–December
104 San Diego, CA
27
Low 1,591 1.2 27 $2.2B January–March
105 Boise, ID
25
Low 402 1.3 23 $8.9M April–June
106 Reno, NV
18
Low 670 0.3 13 $20.8M July–August
107 San Jose, CA
11
Very Low 339 3.5 6 $21.8M January–March
108 Portland, OR
9
Very Low 250 0.7 20 $33.8M January–June
109 Virginia Beach, VA
7
Very Low 335 0 4 $211.2M January–October
110 Seattle, WA
5
Very Low 384 0 23 $134.2M January–December
Hail Capital

Top 10 Hail Metros

  1. Dallas-Fort Worth, TX 6,299 events · max 5.9"
  2. Oklahoma City, OK 4,404 events · max 7"
  3. Fort Worth, TX 3,776 events · max 5.9"
  4. Denver, CO 2,856 events · max 4.5"
  5. Wichita, KS 2,582 events · max 7.75"
  6. Tulsa, OK 2,302 events · max 4.5"
  7. Colorado Springs, CO 2,054 events · max 4.5"
  8. Kansas City, MO 1,864 events · max 5.5"
  9. Chicago, IL 1,622 events · max 3"
  10. Springfield, MO 1,589 events · max 4"
Tornado Alley

Top 10 Tornado Metros

  1. Dallas-Fort Worth, TX 765 tornadoes on record
  2. Houston, TX 725 tornadoes on record
  3. Oklahoma City, OK 623 tornadoes on record
  4. Tampa, FL 564 tornadoes on record
  5. Miami, FL 506 tornadoes on record
  6. Fort Worth, TX 416 tornadoes on record
  7. Denver, CO 403 tornadoes on record
  8. Birmingham, AL 326 tornadoes on record
  9. Jackson, MS 324 tornadoes on record
  10. Tulsa, OK 319 tornadoes on record
By State

State-Level Storm Risk

#StateRisk ScoreLevelEventsDamageHardest-Hit County
1 Texas
100
Very High 134,314 $109.7B Tarrant
2 Oklahoma
100
Very High 70,079 $9.9B Oklahoma
3 Missouri
100
Very High 62,186 $11.1B Greene
4 Illinois
100
Very High 53,271 $6.9B Cook
5 North Carolina
100
Very High 47,437 $16.6B Wake
6 Georgia
100
Very High 47,409 $10.3B Chatham
7 Colorado
100
Very High 40,469 $10.6B El Paso
8 Tennessee
100
Very High 39,712 $9.4B Davidson
9 Mississippi
100
Very High 37,067 $31.4B Hinds
10 Florida
100
Very High 33,855 $87.2B Duval
11 Michigan
100
Very High 31,128 $6.7B Oakland
12 California
100
Very High 29,160 $29.5B San Bernardino
13 Louisiana
100
Very High 28,209 $96.5B Caddo
14 New Jersey
100
Very High 18,279 $27.9B Burlington
15 New Mexico
100
Very High 17,843 $3.8B Eddy
16 Oregon
100
Very High 9,490 $5.0B South Central Oregon Coast
17 Nebraska
93
Very High 55,610 $5.0B Lincoln
18 Arkansas
93
Very High 41,526 $6.5B Pulaski
19 Alabama
93
Very High 38,351 $12.5B Madison
20 New York
92
Very High 47,078 $5.5B Broome
21 South Carolina
92
Very High 31,171 $2.2B Charleston
22 Iowa
91
Very High 57,485 $6.0B Polk
23 Ohio
90
Very High 46,642 $8.4B Cuyahoga
24 Virginia
90
Very High 45,674 $3.0B Fairfax
25 Wisconsin
88
Very High 35,609 $4.0B Dane
26 Arizona
88
Very High 12,897 $4.2B Maricopa
27 Pennsylvania
87
Very High 47,315 $5.3B Allegheny
28 Kansas
85
Very High 86,156 $5.3B Sedgwick
29 Minnesota
85
Very High 47,284 $5.9B St. Louis
30 Indiana
85
Very High 38,182 $4.6B Marion
31 Idaho
85
Very High 11,032 $1.2B Northern Panhandle
32 Washington
85
Very High 8,823 $4.8B Northeast Mountains
33 Kentucky
83
Very High 44,684 $3.5B Jefferson
34 Maryland
83
Very High 17,653 $1.5B Montgomery
35 Utah
82
Very High 9,791 $1.1B Tooele
36 Massachusetts
81
Very High 15,068 $1.2B Worcester
37 Connecticut
81
Very High 6,344 $848.4M Hartford
38 Nevada
60
High 7,873 $1.1B Clark
39 Rhode Island
53
High 2,208 $135.2M Providence
40 District of Columbia
36
Moderate 764 $187.0M District Of Columbia

Methodology

Source data. All statistics derive from the NOAA Storm Events Database, covering 1950-2026. We include event types that damage roofs directly (hail, thunderstorm and high wind, tornado, hurricane/tropical storm) and adjacent events (lightning, winter storms, flooding). Pre-1996 records cover hail, wind, and tornado only, per NOAA's archival scope.

Geography. Metro figures aggregate NOAA county-level records across each metro's core counties. State figures aggregate all counties statewide. County mappings are listed on each metro's storm section.

Risk score (0–100). Scores weight hail frequency and maximum size, damaging-wind frequency, tornado history, and inflation-unadjusted property damage. Recent events count more than older ones (exponential decay, half-life ≈ 4 years), so the score reflects current climate risk rather than distant history. Headline event totals are all-time; per-year averages use the most recent 10 years.

Reuse. This index is free to cite and republish with attribution and a link to this page (CC BY 4.0). Download the full dataset as CSV. Data refreshes with NOAA's monthly updates; last regenerated 2026-06-11.

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